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Vliv změny tlaku v trakčním válci pluhů na zatížení hnacích kol traktorů
Opluštil, Jakub
The first part of the bachelor thesis is focused on the description of the construction of the plows and their current state. The second part of this bachelor thesis was to analyze the influence of the traction roller on the output parameters of the plowing unit based on field measurements. In the practical part of this work, a field measurement is processed, it was carried out in order to evaluate the use of the traction hydraulic cylinder on the plow. For a measurement it was used a tractor Zetor Forterra 150 HD in a set with a Pöttinger SERVO 45 M PLUS plow. The tractor was weighed in combination with the plow before the actual field measurement started. The weighing took place on walk-in scales. The axles were weighed as follows: front axle, rear right and left wheels separately, plow support wheel. It was measured in two variants, with a plow width of 1,6 m and 2 m. Furthermore, the measurement depended on the position of the set, which was in one case on a plane and in the other on an inclined plane. The tilting of the tractor was simulated on the scales, which was supposed to represent the driving of the tractor during the plowing to the right, the left wheel of the tractor and support wheel of plow were lifted by 20 cm. When the distributor of the external hydraulic circuit is in the floating position, there is zero pressure in the traction cylinder. There is no load transfer from the plow to the tractor. The weighing was based on three groups of measurements. In the first stage it was 0 bar, in the second 100 bar and the last 150 bar in the traction cylinder. As the pressure gradually increased, the tractor axles were loaded and the load on the support wheel was relieved. For a simpler representation, the obtained values were rewritten into images and drawn into graphs for comparison. The results obtained during weighing were compared with the results of individual wheel loads during actual plowing. By increasing the pressure in that the traction cylinder equalizes the load on the rear wheels moving in the furrow and on the bed. This fact was reflected in the output parameters of plowing.
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Vyhodnocení vlivu orby a hloubkového kypření na strukturu porostu a výnos zrna pšenice
Pokorný, Vít
This thesis deals with the effect of plowing and subsoiling on the structure of the spring wheat crop and the quality of spring wheat grain, as well as the effect of these two technologies on soil compaction. The literature review briefly describes basic information about soil and soil compaction, as well as necessary information about the plow and subsoiler and necessary information about spring wheat. In the practical part of this thesis, undisturbed soil samples were taken and evaluated, and the penetrometric resistance of the soil was measured, before and after tillage using the monitored technologies. Compaction has not been found. However, it was confirmed that subsoiling has a positive effect on the soil physical properties, despite the fact that there was no improvement in pentrometric resistance and soil moisture. Furthermore, the condition and structure of the spring wheat crop were evaluated, the results showed that at first plowing was better but before harvest subsoiling showed better plant density, and finally the yield and quality of the wheat grain were evaluated and compared. Plowing also came out better from this, despite the fact that subsoilling achieved a better number of plants and ears per m2. The field experiment took place in Jaroměřice nad Rokytnou in the local part of Vacenovice.
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Vliv konstrukce odhrnovaček na odpor pluhu
Opluštil, Adam
In the theoretical part, the construction of soil preparing machines is discussed, in particular the construction of ploughs is described and the construction of machines for minimizing soil preparing is also described. The practical part dealt with the investigation of two types of plough mouldboards. The first type of design is the standard mouldboard and the second type is the slatted mouldboard. The content of the work was, among other things, to determine which type of construction exerts more resistance on the whole plough. Pöttinger SERVO 45 M PLUS and SERVO 45 M PLUS NOVA ploughs were used for the measurements. Both ploughs were 4-radial reversible so that the results could be compared. A Zetor Forterra 150 HD tractor with a power of 95 kW (129,2 hp) was used as the tractive power source. The field measurement, which took place from 9 August to 11 August 2021, took place in the municipality of Sebranice u Skalice nad Svitavou. The approximately 10 ha of land where the measurements were carried out consisted of brown earth with a humus content of 2,5 %. Furthermore, measuring sections of 50 m length were marked out. During the measurements, data were collected on: time taken to pass the measuring sections, pulling power, fuel consumption, soil compaction and plough depth and width. Fuel consumption was measured with mass flow meters. To measure the specific resistance of the plough, the plough system was pulled by a second tractor. The tractor was a John Deere 8330 tractor with a power of 254 kW (330 hp). The connection between the two tractors was provided by a rope with an embedded Hottinger strain gauge force transducer that was placed in the hitch of the pulling tractor. The condition for calculating the plough resistance was to find the rolling resistance out, which was then subtracted from the tractive force. The results indicated that the average percentage difference between the specific resistances of the ploughs was almost 4,7 % with the standard mouldboard (68.47 kPa) having a higher specific resistance than the slatted mouldboard (65.40 kPa). This suggests that in heavier soils it is economically more advantageous to use a plough with a slatted mouldboard, which has less resistance.
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Vliv různého způsobu zpracování půdy na obsah vody v půdě
Mazel, Petr
The thesis deals with the effect of different tillage on the water content in the soil. The theoretical part is devoted to soil, soil properties, characteristics of soil tillage and the effects of soil tillage on soil properties. Monitoring of the effects of tillage on soil moisture was carried out in plot experiments at the Žabčice Field Experiment Station of the Mendel University in Brno. The experiment took place in 2022 and 3 tillage variants were monitored (traditional tillage, minimization tillage and no-tillage). For the assessment of soil moisture were determined: mass moisture, volume moisture, relative humidity and soil absorbency. Soil samples were taken on plots with winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) at three depths (0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, 20-30 cm). For mass moisture was statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) demonstrated between tillage variants, and the highest moisture was achieved with traditional tillage of 17.11%. For volume moisture were not found statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) between the tillage variants. For relative humidity were statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) achieved between treatment variants with the highest value in the no-till variant of 53.03%. A statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) was found for soil absorbency between traditional and minimization tillage, and the highest absorbency was achieved after traditional tillage of 38.75%.
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Analýza silových účinků pluhů na výstupní parametry orebních souprav
Slimařík, Dušan
The aim of this thesis is force effect analysis of ploughing rigs. MSC Adams software was used for mathematical-physical model drafting and subsequent evaluation of measured data from tensometrical load sensing. Designed model was utilized for force reactions calculations under the driving wheels of a tractor using analysis of spatial system of forces of tractors three point hitch. Field measurement data and data from MSC Adams software were tabular and graphically processed. Dependencies between plough and tractor connection setting and output performance of ploughing rigs were clarified. Results from experimental measurement with fully-mounted plough point out on the utilization of longitudinal and lateral position of ploughs CG for reducing of difference in load between furrow and land wheel with properly adjusted connection between plough and tractor. A result from experimental measurement with semi-mounted plough confirms the fact of significant difference in vertical load between rear axle wheels. This negative phenomenon could be eliminated with usage of traction cylinder localized in construction of semi-mounted ploughs over the horizontal joint. Correct adjustment of tractors three point hitch in case of fully-mounted ploughs and utilization of traction cylinder in case of semi-mounted ploughs have got positive influence on fuel consumption and field performance of ploughing rigs.
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Porovnání konvenčního zpracování půdy a přímého setí Väderstad Tempo F-8
VINCÍK, Matěj
This bachelor thesis deals with the comparison of conventional tillage technology and direct sowing technology. It describes the operations associated with each technology and the appropriate machines to use. The financial and revenue aspects are mainly used for comparison. The financial ones consist of the cost of fuel for working 1 ha of land and the cost of the employee's salary for processing 1 ha of land. Yield is measured by weighing the harvested material from land processed by conventional technology and weighing the harvested material from land processed by direct sowing.
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Porovnání utužení půdy na zemědělském pozemku v závislosti na použité technologii jejího zpracování
MACH, Václav
The diploma thesis deals with the issue of soil degradation by compaction and with the influence of different method of cultivation on pedocompaction. It describes the problem of soil compaction, origin of this degradation, its impacts and whether it is possible to prevent the compaction or eliminate it afterwards. It also deals with description of measuring device which is able to find out the figures of penetrometric resistance of soil and its moistness. The thesis also closely describes individual work operations that have been done on the land. The tillage is analysed in detail because it is the system of cultivation that can highly influence the compaction. The most commonly used systems of soil cultivation are mentioned with their advantages and disadvantages. The experiment in the diploma thesis deals with the influence of soil compaction using different technology in its process. The field experiment took place on a trial field that was divided into two parts in terms of tillage. The first part was used for ploughing within three years and on the other ploughing was replaced by loosening. After collecting necessary data their evaluation took place. The figures of penetrometric resistance and soil moisture are summarized in tables and plotted in graphs for better interpretation.
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Opakované porovnání konvenčního a minimalizačního zpracování půdy
POLAN, Tomáš
The diploma thesis deals with soil treatment procedures and contains individual options and describes their advantages and disadvantages. It focuses on two technologies, which are compared in terms of fuel consumption, the time required to perform work operations and the condition of the crop. This is a follow-up to a previous bachelor's thesis on the same topic. The results of both experiments and annotated aspects that influenced the experiments are described.
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